Why Space Essays - Space Policy, Spaceflight, Apollo Program

Why Space? How does space exploration and an organization like NASA (National Aeronautical and Space Administration) benefit the United States? The formation of NASA to monitor and explore space has served the United States by supplying us with advancements in medicine, military defense, consumer products and the citizens of all participating countries a sense of pride in their countries. Space exploration has evolved from being a source of bragging rights during the cold war to a tool to develop faster ways of communication and scientific breakthroughs that are used to cure and/or prevent diseases. The United States has become a world power by using NASA to develop ways to defend the USA as well as benefit the inhabitants of the world. Early History After the end of W.W.I the United States did not think much about space travel. But as soon as the USSR launched Sputnik I in 1958, the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth, the USA quickly began to attempt to create a satellite of their own. Before the United States could create a satellite, the Soviets announced that they made and launched their second satellite named Sputnik II, it was the first biological spacecraft. After the launching of Sputnik II the US felt tremendous pressure to launch its first satellite. The United States quickly launched Explorer I, the first American satellite in space, Explorer was created to measure cosmic rays and micrometeorites in earth's atmosphere. The US then launched another satellite named Vanguard I to measure the amounts of radiation in outer-space. The launching of satellites by both the US and USSR would soon lead to manned space travel. After the launching of Vanguard I by the USAF, the US realized that they would need a federal organization to regulate space travel. In 1959 the US government created NASA to maintain and expand the United State's interests in space travel. Not long after the creation of NASA, the organization quickly experiment with space suits and space vessels to prepare for sending a man into space. The Soviets soon announced that they launched a satellite called Luna II that was meant to take the first close-up pictures of the sun. It was the first rocket to leave the earth's gravitational field. The US continued to work on their goal of sending a man into space by selecting and beginning to train seven men in May 1959. These first seven American astronauts were named the Mercury 6. While the United States was selecting astronauts to start their space program the Soviets were already taking pictures of the moon and planning to get ready to send a man to the moon. 1961-1970 Freedom 7 was launched on May 5, 1961 carrying a Mercury 6 astronaut Alan B. Shepard, Jr.. The rocket climbed 302 miles into the air making the ship and Shepard the first American astronaut to fly into space. The United States briskly went to work, trying to sent another American into space. John Glenn was selected as the Mercury 6 astronaut that would orbit the earth. On February 20, 1962 the US was ready to surpass the USSR in the field of human space exploration. John Glenn successfully was launched into orbit around the earth, becoming the first human to do so. He completed three orbits around the earth in his Friendship 7 spacecraft. The mission was extremely successful for the US and NASA. After the mission the United States became the leading country in the field of space exploration. The US started to get ready for further missions into space by reaching new breakthroughs in space suit technology. The manned orbiting laboratory suit of 1963 was an Air Force refinement for the Gemini spacecraft missions. The manned orbiting laboratory was designed to carry two or more astronauts into space at the same time for an extended period of time. The suit was supposed to allow the astronauts to be able to move around the Gemini spacecraft freely. However the suit was made obsolete when the Project Gemini lightweight suit was developed in 1965. The space suit was designed to be easily removed during flight to aid to the astronauts comfort, making it easier for the astronauts to tolerate long journeys. These suits were of great value to the Apollo missions. The Apollo missions were meant to eventually land a man on the moon. While Soviet space program was faltering because the government refused to allocate the needed funds to support the Soviet Cosmonauts, the United States was getting ready to send a man to the moon. The first ten Apollo missions were to survey the moon and the gravity fields around it to make planning

The Shooting Death of Oscar Grant

The Shooting Death of Oscar Grant On New Years Day 2009, an Oakland police officer shot and killed an unarmed, pinned suspect. The officer, Johannes Mehserle, was arrested on murder charges on January 14th, 2009. The trial  began on June 10, 2010. Heres what happened: Passengers Detained On January 1, 2009, at approximately 2 a.m., officers of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) responded to reports of a fight on an Oakland subway car. They detained approximately 20 passengers. One of the passengers, who witnesses say was not actually involved in the fight, was 22-year-old Oscar Grant. Grant Captured Grant, a local grocery store butcher, and the father of a four-year-old girl were unarmed. He approached police in what appeared to be a nonviolent manner and was backed against the wall. In one video, he can be seen kneeling and pleading with police for reasons that are not yet clear. Some eyewitnesses say that he had already begun asking police not to shoot him. Officers restrained Grant and pinned him, face down, on the pavement. It is not clear whether he was handcuffed at this point. Shot to Death As shown in a widely disseminated cell phone video of the shooting, Grant was restrained by two officers. A third, 27-year-old Johannes Mehserle, then drew his service pistol and shot Grant fatally in the back. Current Status Mehserle quietly resigned from BART and has issued no statements regarding his reasons for the shooting. An internal investigation is pending. An attorney for Grants family has filed a $25 million wrongful death lawsuit against the city.On January 14th, 2009, Johannes Mehserle was arrested and charged with suspicion of murder. Theories Because Mehserle shot Grant in front of dozens of witnesses, including other police officers, it is difficult to fathom why he would have chosen this opportunity to execute a suspect in cold blood. Alternate theories suggest that he may have mistaken his pistol for a Taser (unlikely given the fact that BARTs Tasers bear no resemblance to firearms and require cartridges to be pre-loaded), or may have felt something while frisking Grant, such as a cell phone, that he mistook for a weapon. Our visceral impression of the shooting is similar to that of one expert quoted by the San Francisco Chronicle in a recent interview: We  assumed the shooting was accidental until we saw the video, but Mehserles relative calm at the moment the gun discharged is jarring. ... Roy Bedard, who has trained police officers around the world, advanced a different theory after his first viewing of the video: that the shooting was a pure accident, a trigger pulled because of a loss of balance or a loud noise. But in an indication of how the videos might move the investigation, Bedard reached a different conclusion after viewing the shooting from a different angle. Looking at it, I hate to say this, it looks like an execution to me, he said. But we  cant fully accept this explanation because we dont understand why Mehserle, whose wife was pregnant and gave birth to a son within days of the shooting, would execute a suspect in public. That doesnt make any sense. We need more data- we all do. The trial may have brought us closer to understanding why Mehserle killed Oscar Grant. But whether it does or not, this killer should be held fully accountable for his actions.

Comparison essay on rock vs rap Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparison on rock vs rap - Essay Example Thus the hybrid forms arrived; later rock 'n' roll incorporated Country and Western, Swing, Classical, Big Band, Folk, and even Tin Pan Alley musical elements. By the 1940s, the term was used as a double entendre, referring to dancing, but with the hidden subtextual meaning of sex (it's Roy Brown's 'Good Rocking Tonight'), that was usually related to 'race music' and was rarely heard by white audiences. [Townsend, 2001] Rock appeared at a time when racial tensions in the United States came to their surface, as a combination of elements of white and black music. On March 21, 1952 in Cleveland, Alan Freed (Moondog) organized the first rock and roll concert, titled 'The Moondog Coronation Ball'. By the end of the decade it had spread throughout the world. The 'Fabulous Fifties' were the Happy Days of rock. In the late 1970s new forms of music, particularly punk rock and rap and hip-hop (in the late 1980s) emerged to fill the shocking and offending role of music in society. The influence of rap started in the Jamaica, then New York City, eventually getting to the west coast. [Hagar, 1984] Rap music, rooted in the tradition of Afro-American storytelling, it the early 1980's was popular among black people, and less acceptable among whites. Rap and hip-hop is a culture, a way of life for a society of people who identify, love and cherish rap music, break dancing, DJing and graffiti. It started with Jamaican born DJ Kool Herc who moved to New York in the late 1960's and brought the Jamaican tradition of 'toasting' which involved improvised rhymes over instrumental sections of reggae records. This trend became popular at discos, where the presence of MC was obligatory. Grand Wizard Theodore was the first DJ to scratch. Gangsta rap as the most controversial style of the rap music genre, originated in New York in the late 1970s. In the early 1980s go go, emerged as a reaction against disco, mixed with hip hop, and it developed in a more complex form. In the 90s it became mainstream, beginning with the release of Dr.Dre's 'The Chronic' (1992). From 1997 with Bad Boy Records it began to be merged with teen pop, when Eminem, Jay-Z and Nelly became very popular. [Nelson, 2000] 2. Music Lyrics Rock as a from of music usually features vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and strong back beat. Other instruments, such as the saxophone, are very common in its some styles. Early rock and roll combined elements of blues, boogie woogie, jazz, rhythm and blues, and was influenced by traditional Appalachian folk music, gospel and country and western. Bill Haley and His Comets' 'Rock Around the Clock', released in 1954, became a smash, the best selling record of the entire year across America and then in England; Bo Diddley's album, released early 1955, 'perked up the ears of many young listeners'. The Platters' 'Only You', released mid-1955, was totally preferred by teenagers in the fifties; Chuck Berry's 'Maybellene', recorded May 1955, indicated how 'rapidly things were changing'; Little Richard's 'Tutti Frutti', recorded September 1955, 'still hold its own against the hardest hitting rock of any era'; Carl Perkins' 'Blue Suede Shoes' (Dec 1955), and Elvis Presley' s 'Heartbreak Hotel' created the real rock 'n' roll revolution. [Townsend, 2001] Sixties are know by Dylan's records

Should Public Schools Offer Single Sex Instruction Essay

Should Public Schools Offer Single Sex Instruction - Essay Example However, such efforts were futile until in 2001 following re-authorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA).  This re-authorization of the ESEA came in the form of the No Child Left  Behind (NCLB) ACT of 2001 (Bixler, 2005). The purpose of the NCLB was to elevate achievement and bridge gaps in achievement. Table of Contents Abstract 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 2 The Controversy 3 The Case for Single Gender Instruction 5 The Case against Single Gender Instruction 7 Conclusion 9 Introduction Gender prejudice in education is a menacing predicament that causes only the minority of individuals to confront it or take notice. The losers of this prejudice have been educated to be passive and silent, and are consequently reluctant to stand up and confront the unjust treatment they received. Educators are by and large ignorant of their own prejudiced instructional conduct because they are merely instructing how they were educated, and the delicate gender discrimination found in instructional materials are frequently overlooked (Davis, 2002). Boys and girls today are getting unequal and separate educations as a result of the gender socialization that occurs in schools. Unless educators are enlightened over gender-role socialization, as well as the prejudiced messages they are inadvertently imparting to their students daily, and until educators are presented with the resources and methods requisite to abolish gender bias in their schools and classrooms, girls will go on with receiving an unbalanced education (Sultana, Lazim, & Sohaimi, 2011). This paper posits to investigate whether public schools should offer single-sex instruction with a focus on supporting single-sex instruction. The Controversy The U.S. Department of Education in March 2004, published review regulations that were intended to govern the operation of the single-sex schools or classes. The regulations stipulated that: a) Coeducational schools that would operate singl e-sex classes should present  an underlying principle for the classes. b) They were obliged to offer either single-sex classes for the unattended gender or coeducational classes in the same subject matter at the same school. c) They were obliged to perform  periodic reviews to establish if the environment still rendered the single-sex classes necessary. Several studies exhibit that the momentum for single gender instruction in both contexts affected the curriculum, pedagogy, and organization in each school, as well as the educators’ ideologies concerning gender. Ultimately, the politics around the legislation, as well as the resource interest of school and district administration, and the absence of institutional support for the gender-based reform merged to structure the downfall of the majority of the single gender schools. In the present day, perhaps increasingly aggressively than before, the public schools are beleaguered for apparently failing to enforce academic rig or. These schools are also under pressure for allegedly contributing to the moribund societal, moral values. In rejoinder to these issues, several policy makers have pressed for the development of school choice in the public school structure. In recent times, the choice proponents have embraced single gender ins

Analytical Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analytical Paper - Essay Example Moreover, the sign boards and signals that can be seen in both sides of the road helps the driver to be conscious about the importance of limited speed while driving, attention to other vehicles and pedestrians. As the rules and regulations are formulated to help the individual citizen to perform his or her rights and duties in a successful manner, it helps one to be aware of one’s rights while driving or travelling and to be duty minded towards other drivers, travelers and pedestrians. Government and the authorized department on road safety should give importance to public safety and give proper training and education against motor vehicle violence. Besides, education on road rage would help driver to become a responsible driver. The process of widening the Roads is essential because it helps to reduce the chance for traffic congestion in important places. Government must provide financial support for secure roads and make public attentiveness for safe and sound roads. Besides, the authorities must boost the media which expose the misconduct and misbehavior from the drivers while driving and must use it for advertisement and campaign purpose against road rage and safety. Karin Sternberg makes clear that: â€Å"When suddenly enraged drivers commit acts of road rage, they may have a flash of hatred and destructive intent toward those who have harmed them, whether in reality or imagination;† (Sternberg, 2008, p.17) misbehavior while driving create hatred in other drivers and will cause severe problems, reality or imagination. The usage of monitoring equipments like close circuit camera, speed detector, breath analyzer etc can detect violent actions and misbehavior on road and is essential to prevent road rage. The authorities must show keen interest and vigilance to fix cameras on appropriate places and must provide maximum punishment to traffic rule violators who are involved in the road rage activities. Andrea Campbell makes clear that: â€Å"Road rage and

An Overview of Anti-Discriminatory Legislation

An Overview of Anti-Discriminatory Legislation The Employment Discrimination Act looks for preventing the discrimination on the basis of sex, race, national origin, religion, age, and physical disability by the owners of the company. The increasing law’s body also works for the prevention of discrimination in employment on the base of sexual orientation. Practice of discrimination includes job assignment, bias in hiring, termination, promotion, retaliation, compensation, and different sort of employment harassment. The main body of this act comprises of state and federal statutes. The US constitution and some other state’s constitution offer extra protection when employer is governmental body and therefore government has taken numerous important steps for fostering the practices of discrimination in the workplace. Federal Employment Statutes Prohibiting Discrimination Further centralized remedies are determined in the Section 1981 of the U.S. Code in order to prevent persecution and intended perception in the place of work. Modified in 1991,  § 1981 actually offers the necessary features in order to provide an unlike influence privilege and allows adjudicators to honor compensatory and disciplinary compensations in circumstances of premeditated discrimination. Additional, the Supreme Court of United States has taken  § 1981 in recent to suggest such a private source of act for revenge claims that usually based on race (Issacharoff Nelson, 2000). A revenge statement which is based on race is that sort of act in which proprietor has reacted in contradiction of a member of staff for devising earlier filed an objection about the discrimination in the race. In the Civil Rights Act of 1964, heading VII forbids discrimination in any sort of aspect regarding the relationship of the employment. The Act disallows any sort of discrimination either it is based on color, race, religion, national origin or sex. In the same way, Sex contains pregnancy, giving birth or as well as related therapeutic conditions. It usually declares it unlawful for employers to differentiate in relation to discharging, contracting, recompensing, or in other words offering the situations, and constitutional rights of occupation. Moreover hiring organizations may not differentiate in case of referring any applicant. The Act also forbids labor societies from centering association or unification categorizations which are based on color, race, religion, national origin or sex. Nineteenth Century Civil Rights Acts In the year 1993, the Nineteenth Century Civil Rights Acts was amended, and make sure that every individual has equal rights beneath the shade of this discrimination law, and list the available damages to plaintiffs and took under the Title 7 of the â€Å"Civil Rights Act†, ADA (American with Disabilities Act), and the Rehabilitation Act of 1964, 1990, and 1973 respectively (Shoben, 2003). Equal Pay Act The Fair Labor Standard Act of 1963 was amended by the Equal Pay Act. It prohibits the unions and employers from paying unequal wages on the basis of sex of employee; but not prohibits the discrimination practice in hiring. It calls for workers to be paid equally if they have equal works that require equal effort, responsibility, and skill. Age Discrimination in Employment Act This act prohibits the employer from employment discrimination based on age. This prohibition practice is approximately parallel to those practices that are listed in the Title VII, and offers protection to employees from discrimination up to the age of forty. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act is comprised of clear principle regarding retirement plans, pension, and other benefits. In the course of 2007 to 2008, statute was clarified by the Supreme Court of U.S, in three different areas: Disparate impact for filed claims under Age Discrimination in Employment Act. Employees by which the Intake Questionnaire is submitted. Personal suit of revenge by complainants. The Rehabilitation Act The objective of the Rehabilitation Act is to increase opportunities of employment in the public and private sectors both just for the physically and mentally disabled people by affirmative action programs regarding and elimination of discrimination. The employers included in the Act are among the agencies of federal government and also the workers who are receiving federal contracts above $2500 or financial assistance by the federal government. The section 793 of the Act which is handed over to the employment under the federal contracts is being in action by the Department of labor (Clermont Schwab, 2009). The section 794 of the Act which is handed over to organizations that are receiving federal assistance is being in action by The Department of Justice. The act being against to federal employees and federal agencies that publish the rules regarding to the employment of the disabled persons keep in force by The EEOC. American with Disabilities Act In order to eradicate discrimination against handicaps, Congress represented the American with Disabilities. It prevents discrimination that is based on a physical or mental disability by workers involved in commerce and governments of the state. ADA prevents discrimination much widely and broadly as compare to the demonstrably outlined by title VII (Ziegert Hanges, 2005). Black Lung Act Discrimination done by the mine workers against the miners who suffer from the disease of black lung i.e. pneumoconiosis eradicates by The Black Lung Act. Equal Payment Act The elucidation of the Title 7 of Americans with Disabilities Act, Equal Payment Act, and ADEA is being done by EEOC. The development of The Commission was done by Title VII. Section 2000e-5 of Title 42 consists of the provisions for enforcement, and Title 29 Part 1614 of the Code of Federal Regulations includes its rules, regulations and guidelines (Shoben, 2003). The employers who are left behind by those enactments which provide high protection from employment discrimination by the federal acts, similarly these enactments also involve in providing protection from employment discrimination by extending those laws which is present in the federal act. Groups who were left behind and not covered by the federal act is now being protected by the other statutes. Enactments of number of states give safety for individuals performing civil or family duties external to their normal employment. References Clermont, K. M., Schwab, S. J. (2009). Employment discrimination plaintiffs in federal court: From bad to worse. Harv. L. Poly Rev., 3, 103. Issacharoff, S., Nelson, J. (2000). Discrimination with a Difference: Can Employment Discrimination Law Accomodate the Americans with Disabilities Act. NCL Rev., 79, 307. Shoben, E. W. (2003). Disparate Impact Theory in Employment Discrimination: Whats Griggs Still Good For-What Not. Brandeis LJ, 42, 597. Ziegert, J. C., Hanges, P. J. (2005). Employment discrimination: the role of implicit attitudes, motivation, and a climate for racial bias. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(3), 553.

The Feminine in William Butler Yeats Poetry Essay -- Poems Women femi

The Feminine in William Butler Yeats' Poetry William Butler Yeats had a long history of involvement with women. He was deeply affected by all types of women; from love interests with Mrs. Olivia Shakespear, Maud Gonne and her adopted daughter Iseult, to a partnership and friendship with Lady Gregory, to marriage with Georgie Hyde-Lees, and finally the birth of his own daughter Anne Yeats. These relationships are reflected in his poetry on many different and multi-layered levels. The mentions of women in his work gives the readers some historical content as well as show the development of his feminine idea. As different as his many relationships with women were, so was his reflection of them in his writing. Yeats took people he knew and transformed them into images and patterns of order (Unterecker 12). In this case, it is important to notice Yeats's use of biography within his poetry. In 1889, Yeats was introduced to Maud Gonne who became a central part of his life and major theme in his work. She was an adamant Irish nationalist and a beautiful woman to Yeats. He pursued her much of his life, only to be rejected repeatedly by her. In 1894 he met Mrs. Olivia Shakespear whom he regarded as a confidant, despite their short affair. Yeats found friendship and maternal caring in Lady Gregory. "She became for him an image of aristocratic courtesy" (Untereker 14). Yeats spent time at her estate, Coole Park, and traveled often with Lady Gregory and her son Robert. He became director of Abbey Theatre with Lady Gregory in 1906. In 1911 he met George Hyde-Lees and due to the encouragement of Mrs. Shakespear and Lady Gregory he proposes. Yeats married Georgia Hyde-Lees and on February 2 4, 1919 their daughter Anne was bo... ...ess. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Jeffares, Norman A. A New Commentary on the Collected Poems of W.B. Yeats. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1984. Keane, Patrick J. Yeats, Joyce, Ireland, and the Myth of the Devouring Female. MO: University of Missouri Press, 1988. Kline, Gloria C. The Last Courtly Lover: Yeats and the Idea of Woman. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1983. Stubbings, Diane. Anglo-Irish Modernism and the Maternal: From Yeats to Joyce. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Unterecker, John. A Reader's Guide to William Butler Yeats. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1996. Whitaker, Thomas R. Swan and Shadow: Yeats's Dialogue with History. Durham, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1964. Yeats, W.B. The Collected Poems of W.B. Yeats. Ed. Richard J. Finneran. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.